Recent progress on molecular breeding of rice in china. Hybrid rice left has a bigger yield than inbred rice right the advantages of hybrid rice are. Rice, super hybrid rice, heterosis, grain number, rnaseq background heterosis is a phenomenon in which hybrids exhibit superiority over their parental lines in economic traits, such as enhanced biomass production, development rate, stress tolerance and, most important, grain yield. Because of the great impact of watype cms on agriculture, many studies have attempted to elucidate the cmscausing gene in wa mitochondria and to determine the fertility restorer genes for wacms. Plant breeding and seed systems for rice, vegetables. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples in rice oryza sativa l.
The pikp resistance to magnaporthe oryzae in rice is mediated by a pair of closely linked ccnbslrr genes. The production, consumption, and environmental impacts of. Hybrid rice breeding offers an important strategy to improve rice production, in which the cultivation of a male sterile line is the key to the success of crossbreeding. More than 35 hybrid rice varieties have been released in india till now. Research article breeding three line rice hybrids with good grain quality s. The hybrid rice would perhaps be used as a tool of jumping up the yield level in this stage. Twoline hybrid rice breeding manual rice knowledge bank irri. Hybrid rice is produced when the egg is fertilized by pollen from anthers of a rice plant from a different variety or line. The identification of wild abortive or wa type cytoplasmic male sterility in 1970 was a breakthrough in hybrid rice breeding. Increased resistance to diseases and insects hybrid rice panicles 2 on top and panicle from an inbred below the disadvantages of hybrid rice are. Markerassisted selection of twoline hybrid rice for.
Yuan, who at that time was teaching crop genetics and breeding. O goal o objective increase productivity in the different rice. Doubled haploids versus conventional breeding in cimmyt wheat breeding programs huihui li, ravi p. However, the degree and the speed with which future yield increases can be achieved is not known. Angamuthu mahalingam, subramaniam utharasu, mokkaraj jegadeeswaran. China has been successful in breeding hybrid rice strains, but is now facing challenges to develop new hybrids with highyielding potential. A wild abortive watype cms has been almost exclusively used for breeding threeline hybrid rice and contributes to 10% of the total rice cultivated area worldwide li et al. Increased vigor which makes them more competitive with weeds, and. Hybrid rice breeding uses several concepts, skills and procedures which are strikingly different from those used for inbreds rice breeding. Hybrid rice varieties have higher yield potential over inbred varieties. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with. Yuan b, zhai c, wang w, zeng x, xu x, hu h, lin f, wang l, pan q.
Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china yonghong wang, yongbiao xue and jiayang li institute of genetics and developmental biology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china china is the largest producer and consumer of rice in the world and a pioneer in applying hybrid rice technology. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for. This study on plant breeding and seed systems for rice, vegetables, maize and pulses in bangladesh is an input to a sixcountry study of plant breeding and seed systems. In the first chapter an outline is given of the affinities of the genus oryza and of the interrelationships of its species, leading to a. This manual described concepts and procedures to breed rice hybrids primarily using cytoplasmic genic male sterility and the fer tility restoration system.
In 1971 china accepted hybrid rice research as a national cooperative project and in the year. Morales plant variety protection office philippines. Review and prospects on rice breeding and extension in china yang shihua, cheng benyi, wu jianli, shen weifeng, c heng shihua china national rice research institute, hangzhou 36, china abstract. Salary and appointment will be highly competitive and. But the research work on hybrid rice was initiated in 1964, in china by yuan long ping father of hybrid rice. Therefore, breeding hybrid rice resistant to bph is the most effective and economical strategy to maintain high and stable production. Research article breeding three line rice hybrids with.
Blast and bacterial blight are serious diseases around the major ricegrowing area in the world. Provided here is a concise account of hybrid breeding in rice, a newly deployed breeding approach to increase the yield. Doubled haploids versus conventional breeding in cimmyt. Molecular breeding of rice restorer lines and hybrids for. March 2000 february 2005 an update has been written for this document, available here introduction. Recent progress in breeding super hybrid rice in china. Conventional crossing methods will be used for developing malesterile, restorer, and maintainer lines. In order to clarify it, two field experiments were conducted including two popular indica hybrids brri hybrid dhan2 and heera2 and one elite inbred brri dhan45 rice varieties. It has its own breeding programme and is already in the midst of implementing a contractfarming hybrid rice scheme in the northern state of kedah.
D or i will rip you out first amendment audit atu duration. The near doubling of texas rice yields over the last 35 years is a strong indication of the genetic variability that is available within the rice genome. Project methods germplasm accessions will be chosen based on experience, written information, and contact with experts in hybrid rice breeding. Mac key hybrid rice breeding in china lin shihcheng and yuan loungping male sterility in rice and its potential use in breeding j. The first research on hybrid rice in 1964 was done by mr. Comparative performance of hybrid and elite inbred rice. The development of hybrid rice is a practical approach for increasing rice production. Rice is one of the most important model crop plants whose heterosis has been wellexploited in commercial hybrid seed production via a variety of types of malesterile lines. Breeding rice for droughtprone environments 2 about this manual the breeding approach is to know the target environment in which the improved varieties are to be grown and ensure that the testing environments represent that environment. Position description associatefull professor of hybrid.
Dissecting combining ability effect in a rice nciiiii. These call for a need for an appraisal of the hybrid rice sector in asia and identify a. Thiyagarajan abstract studies were conducted on 20 rice hybrids with checks to assess the. Pdf copies of up to publications 5 and 2 grants produced by the. Difficult in breeding intersubspecific hybrid rice low seed set tall plant height poor grainfilling late maturity grain quality market solution for breeding of intersubspecific hybrid rice wide compatibility wc genes allelic dwarf gene indicajavanica hybrids in indica rice growing region japonicajavanica hybrids in japonica rice growing. O development of hybrid rice o development of special purpose rice o variety development for rainfed, upland and abiotic stressprone environments breeding programs. Organization of hybrid rice breeding program using cms system. Furthermore, the technologies for hybrid rice seed production have been refined and improved in recent years. In order to produce great quantities of hybrid seeds, two kinds of parental lines are needed, a seed parent which is usually male sterile and a pollen parent.
Breeding and evaluation for hybrid rice adapted to the. Department of plant breeding, cornell university ithaca, new york 148531901 i. The overall objective of this program is to develop hybrid rice cultivars adapted to the southern u. The success of super hybrid rice breeding in china and progress in npt breeding at irri suggest that the ideotype approach is effective for breaking the yield ceiling of an irrigated rice. In the town of malaybalay, on the southern island of mindanao, in the philippines, there is a sign on the highway that reads. Studies on three countries in subsaharan africa ghana, malawi and kenya, two in asia bangladesh and thailand and one in. These must be learned by plant breeders before initiating a comprehensive hybrid rice breeding programme. Rice breeders have been very successful in improving the crop. Serving as invaluable tools are mutagenic irradiation and isotope tracer techniques, which are incorporated into the various breeding. Nucleus and breeder seed production of a, b, r, and tgms lines.
Ranga agricultural university for the degree of master of science in agriculture is the result of original research work done by me. Rice breeding for extremely higher yielding ability by. Review and prospects on rice breeding and extension in china. These must be learned by plant breeders before initiating a comprehensive hybrid rice breed ing program. The international rice research institute irri has offered several shortterm training courses in hybrid rice breeding. Heterosis in f 1 rice hybrids article pdf available in acoustics, speech, and signal processing newsletter, ieee 24 january 2007 with 551 reads how we measure reads. General studies on hybrid rice the world food prize. The main breeding method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybrids and population improvement are added to the breeders. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china. Rice blast, caused by the magnaporthe oryzae fungus, is one of the most frequent and costly rice diseases in the midsouth and in other temperate ricegrowing regions worldwide wang and valent, 2009. Evaluation of early generation and elite breeding lines from inbred rice breeding as potential source for improving hybrid rice germplasm of philrice 2011 rico, e. Genetic analysis for the grain number heterosis of.
To breed an ideal cross with the highest grain yield and great stress resistance is the ultimate goal of hybrid rice breeders. This study provides insights in the utilization of gw6 for large grain and high yield rice breeding via molecular design breeding. Buy an introduction to hybrid rice breeding on free shipping on qualified orders an introduction to hybrid rice breeding. A combination, p64se32, created a record yield of 17. Molecular improvement of grain weight and yield in rice by. The international rice research institute has offered. Procedures for breeding and identification of hybrids, restorers and maintainers share similarities to those used for inbred line development. Characterization and use of male sterility in hybrid rice breeding.
Adoption of the hybrid rice varieties by farmers is often impaired by the high price of hybrid seed, due to low yields in hybrid seed production fields. The phenomenon heterosis has been applied to rice breeding for improving grain yield since the early 1970s in china cheng et al. A large number of new varieties, especially hybrid rice, have been developed and released in china since 1998. Progress in research and development on hybrid rice. About 20 30 % yield advantage of hybrid rice should be than commercialcheck. In india, aprh1 is the first hybrid rice variety released in 1994. Guangzhan63s gz63s is an elite photoperiodic and thermosensitive male sterile ptgms line from which many widely cultivated twoline superhybrid varieties in the. At the mardi centre, grain also met with senior rice breeder, dr. This improvement is not always translated to the grain yield and its physiological causes are still unclear. Some milestones are the contribution to the green revolution with the semidwarf varieties, the new rice plant type and hybrid rice.